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Inner Planets of the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars. Take a tour of the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Known as the terrestrial planets, find out what makes each of them unique and how they are different from the outer planets, the gas giants. Differences between the Inner and Outer Planets Orbiting the Sun are eight planets. Despite all of these planets being different from each other, they can be put into two groups. One group contains the four planets closest to the Sun - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. These are known as the Inner Planets or the Terrestrial Planets. The other group contains the four planets furthest from the Sun - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These are known as the Outer Planets or the Gas Giants. The two groups are separated by the Asteroid Belt, a region of thousands of asteroids in orbit of the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. Below is a table containing differences between the two groups of planets.