Cosmology, Critical Density, Big Crunch, Oscillating Universe, Accelerating Expansion, Dark Energy
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Topics; Density and gravity for the universe, Open or Closed Universe, Dark Matter, Type Ia Supernovae, Dark Energy and Acceleration of Recession Velocity. Measurements of Dark Matter and stars, gas, dust show the density of the universe is only about 28% of the critical density so the expansion of the universe will not stop. The Type Ia Supernovae are dimmer than what is expected based on distance calculated by Hubble's Law V = Hd. This implies that the universe was expanding at a slower rate in the past and is now expanding at a higher rate. Dark Energy is proposed as the cause of the acceleration. Dark Energy has a connect to the cosmological constant proposed by Einstein. This material relates to Chapter 16 of astronomynotes.com. Introductory Astronomy 102 Prof. Greg Clements
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Big Bang
Nowadays the universe expands superluminally (faster than the speed of light in the classic - not extremely distorted - void) if we select very afar points to calculate their mutual receding. Dark energy is not "matter" but the result of the entropical diffusion of probabilistic cohesion that (exactly because it is probabilistic) statistically transforms virtual particles into actual ones, and the space expands trying to smoothen any curvature created in the process (at large omnigalactic scales, because there are galactic and black hole spatial curves). That dark energy forces space to expand faster and faster, so in our initial example - in the afar future - we wouldn't have to select two very afar points to observe superlumic expansion, but instead any single point inside the universe. Then the spatial superlumic expansion wouldn't be relativistic (among different points or objects) but absolute. These infinite superluminally expanding points wouldn't be able to express subpoint (smaller than a point) expansion. Subpoints don't actually exist, but we can describe them as complex holographic numbers (a holographic coordinate is a single number that codes/condenses all tensor component numbers as one) that have an imaginary part. That subpoint energy in the real world is expressed as a force that allows a humongous number of virtual particles to become actual by transferring them enough energy to overcome the quantum noise potentiality threshold and reach the actuality quantum state energy levels. Virtual particles are (potentially) infinite (infinity is a potentiality and a tendency, not something static and fixed). We call this process Big Bang. This is an old mainstream physics idea. All we have to do is to improve our types by combining various mathematical formulations.Note that never superlumic expansion becomes absolute/of single points (it is constantly relativistic though if we compare any two points that recede fast enough via their intermediate spatial darkenergetic expansion). Exactly because the superlumic expansion never becomes absolute, the only way that excessive energy gets expressed is via the Big Bang mechanism. -
'the big rip' .. priceless ! .. physicist irony ?
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